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Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Case Postale 51 61, rue Buffon 75231 PARIS cedex 05 cbnbp@mnhn.fr
Plante vivace herbacée graminéenne coloniale de grande taille, à tige dressée, de teinte glauque à feuilles larges (>1 cm), rigides et dressées avec ligule membraneuse. L’inflorescence est un épi terminal de 10-30 cm composé de grands épillets sessiles, groupés par 2, portant 3 ou 4 fleurons fertiles.
Détermination
Simple.
Espèces proches
Les Elytrigia sont des plantes moins robustes, parfois non glauque, et dont les épillets sont solitaires (plante robuste, toujours glauque, à épillets groupés par 2 chez Leymus arenarius). Ammophila arenaria est une plante moyennement robuste, parfois non glauque, à feuilles nettement enroulées et à épillets ne portant qu’une seule fleur fertile (plante robuste, toujours glauque, à feuilles planes au moins à la base, à épillets groupés par 2 et à 3-4 fleurs fertiles chez Leymus arenarius).
Période d’observation
Floraison entre juin et août.
Biologie - éthologie
Espèce hémicryptophyte automnale (vivace), elle appartient à la très grande famille des Poaceae (graminées). Dans cette famille l’appareil végétatif typique est constitué de tiges cylindriques creuses appelées chaumes, ponctuées d’un ou plusieurs nœuds (renflements) d’où émergent des feuilles à limbes linéaires plan ou enroulé. Les fleurs rudimentaires organisées en épillets permettent l’identification des espèces. Leymus arenarius est une espèce hermaphrodite, anémogame, et barochore.
Biogéographie et écologie
Espèce circumboréale : côte du nord de l’Europe depuis la Manche jusqu’à la Baltique et la Mer de Norvège. Leymus arenarius est une espèce des dunes littorales mobiles de la Manche et de la mer du Nord.
Sources Tison J.-M., De Foucault B. (coords). 2014. Flora gallica - Flore de France. Ed. Biotope (Mèze), 1196p.
The map presents a summary at the 10 x 10 km grid of the observation data for the species transmitted to the SINP. These data have been subjected to validation filters.
Distribution map from the Atlas of Departmental Biodiversity and Marine Sectors program
Current distribution in metropolitan France
The map presents a reference distribution layer of the species at the scale of departments and marine sectors. The presence and absence data were established by expertise within a network of partners. This reference distribution is used in the validation process of the SINP data at the INPN level.
Distribution map from the Atlas of Departmental Biodiversity and Marine Sectors program
Certain presence
Corresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years (20 years for little-known invertebrates) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population. For migratory species, the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction.
Probable presence
This status is based on one or more of the following criteria:
search of species incomplete but presence of supportive environments;
ecology of the species consistent with the hypothesis of his presence;
the last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date, no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [vertebrates, invertebrates and plants well studied (rhopalocera, grasshoppers, dragonflies ...)] ;
the last reliable observation being older than 20 years, no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [poorly known taxa: fungus, many invertebrates...].
Probable or certain absence
This point covers the absence, more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence. This status is based on one or more of the following criteria:
intensive but unsuccessful targeted research;
lack of adequate environments;
unobserved species while its presence is easily detected;
unlikely presence for historical or biogeographical reasons.
This status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual.
Absence due to a proven extinction
Particular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago (older disappearances are treated as "no probable or definite").
No information
In the state of knowledge, we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department. This is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt.