La Zora ressemble assez à une araignée-loup très claire mais ses yeux n'en ont pas le dimorphisme. Le genre est caractérisé par des pattes munies de rangées d'épines inférieures sur les tibias et les basitarses. Le céphalothorax, clair, possède deux bandes brun sombre dans le prolongement du groupe oculaire. L'abdomen présente des séries de taches brunes et blanches en lignes sur un fond brun. Il y a 7 espèces répertoriées en France dans le genre Zora. L'observation des pièces génitale est indispensable pour distinguer les espèces.
Milieux colonisés
Z. spinimana colonise des milieux plutôt humides ou mésophiles. On l'observe au sol, plutôt en végétation épaisse ou en sous-bois.
Chasse
Les Zora ne tissent pas de loge de repos. Elles ont été soupçonnées d'arachnophagie mais il semble que ce régime ne soit pas exclusif car elles capturent aussi des insectes.
Développement, cycle
Les adultes de Z. spinimana sont présents toute l'année mais plus abondants de mai à juillet. La période de reproduction est estivale. Le cycle semble se développer sur un ou deux ans suivant les individus. Il y a 2 à 3 pontes estivales. Le cocon est déposé sur la végétation basse, parfois sous des pierres. Il y a de 25 à 50 œufs par cocon chez Z. spinimana. La femelle reste sur la ponte jusqu'à la sortie des jeunes. Les jeunes se trouvent à tous les stades en hiver, cachés dans la végétation.
A. Canard(Université de Rennes/Service du Patrimoine Naturel, MNHN),2014
The map presents a summary at the 10 x 10 km grid of the observation data for the species transmitted to the SINP. These data have been subjected to validation filters.
Distribution map from the Atlas of Departmental Biodiversity and Marine Sectors program
Current distribution in metropolitan France
The map presents a reference distribution layer of the species at the scale of departments and marine sectors. The presence and absence data were established by expertise within a network of partners. This reference distribution is used in the validation process of the SINP data at the INPN level.
Distribution map from the Atlas of Departmental Biodiversity and Marine Sectors program
Certain presence
Corresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years (20 years for little-known invertebrates) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population. For migratory species, the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction.
Probable presence
This status is based on one or more of the following criteria:
search of species incomplete but presence of supportive environments;
ecology of the species consistent with the hypothesis of his presence;
the last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date, no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [vertebrates, invertebrates and plants well studied (rhopalocera, grasshoppers, dragonflies ...)] ;
the last reliable observation being older than 20 years, no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [poorly known taxa: fungus, many invertebrates...].
Probable or certain absence
This point covers the absence, more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence. This status is based on one or more of the following criteria:
intensive but unsuccessful targeted research;
lack of adequate environments;
unobserved species while its presence is easily detected;
unlikely presence for historical or biogeographical reasons.
This status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual.
Absence due to a proven extinction
Particular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago (older disappearances are treated as "no probable or definite").
No information
In the state of knowledge, we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department. This is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt.
French Version
