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Thank you for your contribution to the improvement of the INPN. The information submitted has been sent to an expert for verification and correction.
To get the picture, please visit:
Philippe GOURDAIN Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - Service du Patrimoine Naturel 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire CP 41 75 231 PARIS CEDEX 05 e-mail : inpn@mnhn.fr
Legend:
Arbonne-la-Forêt
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Lullula arborea (Linnaeus, 1758)
4.3/5 (3 votes)
Author : S. Wroza
Thank you for your contribution to the improvement of the INPN. The information submitted has been sent to an expert for verification and correction.
Despite the Creative Commons license, please inform the author of the use which will be made of his photo
Passereau de taille moyenne, de teinte dominante brunâtre, l’Alouette lulu est dénuée de couleurs vives. Un sourcil très clair souligne sa petite calotte marron rayée. Elle est la seule parmi les alouettes françaises à présenter une tache noire entourée de blanc à l'angle de l'aile. A l'envol, la brièveté de sa queue lui confère une silhouette trapue. Le mâle émet un chant liquide très pur, avec de riches séries mélodieuses d'une grande clarté.
Détermination :
Simple. Facile sur photo.
Espèces proches :
Les sourcils clairs de cette alouette se rejoignent à la nuque, ce qui la distingue de l'Alouette des champs (Alauda arvensis) qui est par ailleurs nettement plus grande.
Période d’observation :
Toute l’année, mais l’espèce est rare en hiver au nord d'une ligne Caen-Genève. Au sud, les oiseaux sont sédentaires et voient leurs effectifs renforcés du fait de l’afflux de migrateurs.
Biologie-éthologie :
En été, l’Alouette consomme essentiellement des insectes et araignées, alors qu’à la fin d'été et en hiver, son alimentation s’enrichit d'un complément végétal : graines de graminées, de crucifères, de chénopodiacées et d'ombellifères.
Biogéographie et écologie :
C'est un oiseau strictement paléarctique, qui est sédentaire ou migrateur partiel dans les zones tempérées et méditerranéennes d’Europe, de Proche-Orient et du Maghreb. Ses préférences thermophiles limitent son implantation en Scandinavie par exemple : elle n’y est présente que dans le sud. L’Alouette lulu choisit avant tout des secteurs dégagés et secs, flancs en pente douce ou légers replats de collines, coteaux sableux ou calcaires très perméables.
Compilé par J. Comolet-Tirman à partir des Cahiers d’habitats.(UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel (AFB / CNRS / MNHN)),2017
The map presents a summary at the 10 x 10 km grid of the observation data for the species transmitted to the SINP. These data have been subjected to validation filters.
Distribution map from the Atlas of Departmental Biodiversity and Marine Sectors program
Current distribution in metropolitan France
The map presents a reference distribution layer of the species at the scale of departments and marine sectors. The presence and absence data were established by expertise within a network of partners. This reference distribution is used in the validation process of the SINP data at the INPN level.
Distribution map from the Atlas of Departmental Biodiversity and Marine Sectors program
Certain presence
Corresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years (20 years for little-known invertebrates) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population. For migratory species, the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction.
Probable presence
This status is based on one or more of the following criteria:
search of species incomplete but presence of supportive environments;
ecology of the species consistent with the hypothesis of his presence;
the last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date, no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [vertebrates, invertebrates and plants well studied (rhopalocera, grasshoppers, dragonflies ...)] ;
the last reliable observation being older than 20 years, no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [poorly known taxa: fungus, many invertebrates...].
Probable or certain absence
This point covers the absence, more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence. This status is based on one or more of the following criteria:
intensive but unsuccessful targeted research;
lack of adequate environments;
unobserved species while its presence is easily detected;
unlikely presence for historical or biogeographical reasons.
This status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual.
Absence due to a proven extinction
Particular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago (older disappearances are treated as "no probable or definite").
No information
In the state of knowledge, we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department. This is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt.