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Plante herbacée vivace de taille moyenne à tige dressée. Inflorescence de 2 à 10 fleurs de grande taille, à 3 sépales lancéolés roses (parfois blanc) à nervure verte, et 2 pétales plus petits, linéaires, roses et parfois à marge plus sombre. Le grand labelle est de teinte noirâtre et porte une macule bleue (parfois tirant sur le jaune ou rouge). Il mesure 13 à 18 mm et est normalement plus grand que les sépales.
Détermination
Moyennement difficile.
Espèces proches
Ophrys saratoi se distingue par son labelle plus court 9-12 mm normalement plus petit que les sépales, une macule souvent bordée de blanc et un labelle faiblement concave (labelle de 13-18 mm, plus grand que les sépales, à macule rarement bordée de blanc et un labelle nettement concave chez O. bertolonii). O. catalaunica a un labelle plat et un appendice < 1 mm de large non nettement courbé vers le haut (labelle concave, appendice > 1 mm et clairement dressé chez O. bertolonii).
Période d’observation
Floraison entre mars à mai.
Biologie - éthologie
Espèce hémicryptophyte (plante herbacée vivace) à tubercules appartenant à l’immense famille des Orchidaceae rassemblant plus 25 000 espèces dans le monde. Outre sa remarquable diversité, le genre Ophrys d’optimum méditerranéen est particulièrement connu pour les relations plante-insectes qu’il entretient avec les Hyménoptères sauvages et la spécialisation des leurres visuels et olfactifs (kairomones) mis en place pour assurer la pollinisation. Ophrys bertolonii est une espèce hermaphrodite, entomogame, anémochore.
Biogéographie et écologie
Espèce franco-italienne et balkanique. Ophrys bertolonii est une espèce des pelouses et garrigues sèches sur sols basiques de la région méditerranéenne.
Sources Tison J.-M., De Foucault B. (coords). 2014. Flora gallica - Flore de France. Ed. Biotope (Mèze), 1196p.
The map presents a summary at the 10 x 10 km grid of the observation data for the species transmitted to the SINP. These data have been subjected to validation filters.
Distribution map from the Atlas of Departmental Biodiversity and Marine Sectors program
Current distribution in metropolitan France
The map presents a reference distribution layer of the species at the scale of departments and marine sectors. The presence and absence data were established by expertise within a network of partners. This reference distribution is used in the validation process of the SINP data at the INPN level.
Distribution map from the Atlas of Departmental Biodiversity and Marine Sectors program
Certain presence
Corresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years (20 years for little-known invertebrates) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population. For migratory species, the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction.
Probable presence
This status is based on one or more of the following criteria:
search of species incomplete but presence of supportive environments;
ecology of the species consistent with the hypothesis of his presence;
the last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date, no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [vertebrates, invertebrates and plants well studied (rhopalocera, grasshoppers, dragonflies ...)] ;
the last reliable observation being older than 20 years, no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [poorly known taxa: fungus, many invertebrates...].
Probable or certain absence
This point covers the absence, more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence. This status is based on one or more of the following criteria:
intensive but unsuccessful targeted research;
lack of adequate environments;
unobserved species while its presence is easily detected;
unlikely presence for historical or biogeographical reasons.
This status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual.
Absence due to a proven extinction
Particular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago (older disappearances are treated as "no probable or definite").
No information
In the state of knowledge, we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department. This is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt.