11.1 - Open marine waters

Classification des habitats du Paléarctique (2001)

Description

Pelagic biocoenoses of the world ocean, its connected seas and coastal lagoons. They can be characterized by their planktonic communities and by the composition of their nektonic or surface-feeding faunas of cephalopods, fish, sea mammals and seabirds.

Bibliography

Devillers P., Devillers-Terschuren J. & Vander Linden C., 2001. PHYSIS Palaearctic Habitat Classification Database. Updated to 10 December 2001. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles. (Source)

Nicholson, 1977; Nelson, 1980; Lofgren, 1984; Augier, 1985; Fiala-Médione & al., 1987; Wood, 1988; Barnes and Hughes, 1988; Lalli and Parsons, 1995: 9-179.