22.1 - Permanent freshwater ponds and lakes

Classification des habitats du Paléarctique (2001)

Description

Freshwater lakes, ponds, pools, or parts of such freshwater bodies, in which water is permanently retained, although its level may fluctuate; their associated pelagic (units 22.11-22.15) and benthic (unit 22.16) communities. The macrophytic, euhydrophytic based communities that colonize them are separately listed under unit 22.4. Features of the lake bed uncovered by low water such as gravel, sand, mud or rock banks and beaches, and the communities they support, are listed under unit 22.26. Permanently or almost permanently emerged features supporting terrestrial communities influenced by the presence of the water body are included in unit 22.6. Fringing belts or island rafts of rooted or floating tall emergent vegetation are listed under unit 53.

Bibliography

Devillers P., Devillers-Terschuren J. & Vander Linden C., 2001. PHYSIS Palaearctic Habitat Classification Database. Updated to 10 December 2001. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles. (Source)

Nicholson, 1977; Duvigneaud, 1980; Vanden Berghen, 1982; Burgis and Morris, 1987; Lowe-McConnell, 1987; Ellenberg, 1988; Clark, 1990; Jung, 1990; Einarsson, 1994; Gudmundsson and Kjartansson, 1996.