82 - Cropland

Classification des habitats du Paléarctique (2001)

Description

Arable fields planted for annually or regularly harvested crops other than those that carry phanerophytic trees or shrubs. They include fields of cereals and other graminaceous plants, of sunflowers and other oil seed plants, of beets, legumes, fodder, potatoes and other forbs. If a tree layer is present, it can be indicated by simultaneous use of a code of 83 or 84 with the present one. Croplands comprise intensively cultivated fields, planted with native or exotic species or cultivars, involving moderate to high chemical or organic fertilization and/or systematic use of pesticides, with complete ground occupation, as well as traditionally and extensively cultivated crops, with little or no chemical or organic fertilization, generally without the use of pesticides. Faunal and floral quality and diversity depend on the intensity of agricultural use and on the presence of borders of natural vegetation between fields.

Bibliographie

Devillers P., Devillers-Terschuren J. & Vander Linden C., 2001. PHYSIS Palaearctic Habitat Classification Database. Updated to 10 December 2001. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles. (Source)

de Candolle, 1883; Ellenberg, 1963, 1988; Knapp, 1973; Zohary, 1973; de Planhol, 1976; Grin & al., 1976; Vanden Berghen, 1980; Chiappini, 1985b; Phillips, 1986; Way and Greig-Smith, 1987; Noirfalise, 1988; de Rougemont, 1989; Morrison, 1989; Shah and Friend, 1992; Lopez-Bellido, 1992; Spiertz & al., 1992; Nalborczyk and Czembor, 1992; Gataulina, 1992; Oberdorfer, 1993b; Ozenda, 1994: 245-252; Waugh, 1995: 420-469; Pott, 1996: 319-384; Grabherr, 1997.