2. Données et outils
  3. Rechercher un habitat
  4. 7130 - Tourbières de couverture (* pour les tourbières actives)
  5. Description
7130 - Tourbières de couverture (* pour les tourbières actives)

Blanket bogs (* if active bog)
7120 - Tourbières hautes dégradées encore susceptibles de régénération naturelle
7140 - Tourbières de transition et tremblantes

Liste hiérarchisée et descriptifs des Habitats d'Intérêt Communautaire (HIC) de la directive "Habitats-Faune-Flore"

Définition EUR 28

Extensive bog communities or landscapes on flat or sloping ground with poor surface drainage, in oceanic climates with heavy rainfall, characteristic of western and northern Britain and Ireland. In spite of some lateral water flow, blanket bogs are mostly ombrotrophic. They often cover extensive areas with local topographic features supporting distinct communities [Erico-Sphagnetalia magellanici: Pleurozio purpureae-Ericetum tetralicis, Vaccinio-Ericetum tetralicis p.; Scheuchzerietalia palustris p., Utricularietalia intermedio-minoris p., Caricetalia fuscae p.]. Sphagna play an important role in all of them but the cyperaceous component is greater than in raised bogs. The term ‘active’ must be taken to mean still supporting a significant area of vegetation that is normally peat forming.
Sub-types in the British Isles
52.1 - HyperAtlantic blanket bogs of the western coastlands of Ireland, western Scotland and its islands, Cumbria, Northern Wales ; bogs locally dominated by sphagna (Sphagnum auriculatum, S. magellanicum, S. compactum, S. papillosum, S. nemoreum, S. rubellum, S. tenellum, S. subnitens), or, particularly in parts of western Ireland, mucilaginous algal deposits (Zygogonium).
52.2 - Blanket bogs of high ground, hills and mountains in Scotland, Ireland, Western England and Wales.

Espèces caractéristiques

Plants: 52.1- Calluna vulgaris, Campylopus atrovirens, Carex panicea, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum vaginatum, Molinia caerulea, Myrica gale, Narthecium ossifragum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Pinguicula lusitanica, Pleurozia purpurea, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Racomitrium languginosum, Rhynchospora alba, Schoenus nigricans, Scirpus cespitosus, Sphagnum pulchrum, S. strictum, S. compactum, S. auriculatum. 52.2 - Calluna vulgaris, Diplophyllum albicans, Drosera rotundifolia, Empetrum nigrum, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum vaginatum, Mylia taylorii, Narthecium ossifragum, Rubus chamaemorus, Scirpus cespitosus, Vaccinium myrtillis.
Animals: birds - Pluvialis apricaria, Calidris alpina.

Correspondances avec la classification du Paléarctique

52.1 and 52.2

Correspondances avec d'autres classifications

United Kingdom classification: ‘M1 Sphagnum auriculatum bog pool community', ‘M15 Scirpus cespitosus-Erica tetralix wet heath', ‘M17 Scirpus cespitosus-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire', ‘M18 Erica tetralix-Sphagnum papillosum raised and blanket mire', ‘M19 Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire', ‘M20 Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire'.

Remarques

In the United Kingdom discrete areas of raised bog and blanket bog may occur in some districts, showing their characteristic differences. In many other areas, however, peatlands which may have begun as raised bog have became merged in a general expanse of blanket bog, losing their distinctive marginal features. Within these blanket bogs, there are other peat-forming systems which, strictly speaking, form part of various biotopes of aquatic and amphibious zones, fens and moorland.

Bibliographie

 Conseil de l'Union européenne, 2013. Directive 2013/17/UE du Conseil du 13 mai 2013 portant adaptation de certaines directives dans le domaine de l'environnement, du fait de l'adhésion de la République de Croatie. Annexes. Partie B Protection de la nature. Journal officiel de l'Union européenne, L 158 du 10/06/2013, p. : 195-203. (Source)

 European Commission, 2013. Interpretation manual of European Union habitats. EUR 28. European Commission, DG Environment, 144 p. (Source)

DOYLE G.J. & MOORE J.J., 1980.- Western blanket bog (Pleurozio purpureae-Ericetum tetralicis) in Ireland and Great Britain. Colloques phytosociologiques, VII « La végétation des sols tourbeux » (Lille, 1978) : 213-224.

Moore, J.J. (1968). A classification of the bogs and wet heaths of northern Europe (Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943). In: Pflanzensoziologische Systematik. Bericht über das internationale Symposium in Stolzenau/Weser 1964 der Internationale Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde (R.Tuxen, Ed.). Junk, Den Haag. 306 - 320.

Nature Conservation Council (1989). Guidelines for the selection of biological SSSI's. Nature Conservation Council , Peterborough.

Tuxen, R., Miyawaki, A. et Fujiwara, K. (1972). Eine erweiterte Gliederung der Oxycocco-Sphagnetea. In: Grundfragen und Methoden in der Pflanzensoziologie. (R.Tuxen, Ed.). Junk, Den Haag. 500 - 520.