43.1 - Fir-beech and fir-spruce-beech forests

Classification des habitats du Paléarctique (2001)

Description

Forests in which beech, Fagus sylvatica in western and central Europe, Fagus orientalis, Fagus moesiaca, Fagus taurica in southeastern Europe and the Near East, Fagus crenata, Fagus multinervis, Fagus japonica in the Far East, is associated in the main canopy with fir Abies spp. and/or spruce Picea spp., sometimes with an admixture of other conifers, in particular, pines Pinus spp.. Characteristic of the montane level of the major Palaearctic mountain systems, in particular, of the Alpides, the Jura and the greater Hercynian ranges, they are beech-fir or beech-fir-spruce facies of forests of unit 41.1. Their precise nature can be indicated by transposing subdivisions of unit 41.1, replacing prefix 41.1 by prefix 43.1; their composition is described in a combined description of the mixed forests and the corresponding deciduous forests of unit 41.1, combined description which is to be found under the code of the deciduous forest, within division 41.1.

Bibliographie

Devillers P., Devillers-Terschuren J. & Vander Linden C., 2001. PHYSIS Palaearctic Habitat Classification Database. Updated to 10 December 2001. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles. (Source)

Tüxen and Oberdorfer, 1958; Ellenberg, 1963, 1988; Saphronova, 1964a: unit 35; Saphronova, 1964c: units 54, 62; Oberdorfer, 1967, 1990, 1992b; Braun-Blanquet, 1967a; Vanden Berghen, 1969a; Dendaletche, 1973; Horvat & al., 1974; Mavrommatis, 1978; Gruber, 1978; Ozenda, 1979, 1982, 1985; Ozenda & al., 1979; Petermann and Seibert, 1979; Gamisans and Hebrard, 1979; Soo, 1980; Timbal, 1981; Moravec & al., 1982; Bernard, 1983; Matuszkiewicz, 1984; Rivas-Martinez & al., 1984b; Dupias, 1985; Noirfalise, 1986, 1987; Walter and Breckle, 1986; Loidi Arregui, 1987; Diaz Gonzalez and Fernandez Prieto, 1987; Navarro Andres and Valle Gutierrez, 1987; Vigo and Ninot, 1987; Bolos y Capdevila, 1987; Röhrig, 1991h; Jahn, 1991; Bondev, 1991; Korotkov & al., 1991; Coldea, 1991; Donita, 1992; Donita and Ivan, 1992a; Wallnöfer & al., 1993.