24.11 - Springs and rivulets

Classification des habitats du Paléarctique (2001)

Description

Gushing springs (rheocrenes), spring basins (limnocrenes), seepages (helocrenes) and crenal streams, rivulets formed in and near the source area of streams, characterized by high stability of temperature, near the annual average of the ground water, best developed in mountain situations. The presence of specialized vegetation associated with the spring is indicated by use of divisions of unit 54.1.

Bibliographie

Devillers P., Devillers-Terschuren J. & Vander Linden C., 2001. PHYSIS Palaearctic Habitat Classification Database. Updated to 10 December 2001. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles. (Source)

Holmboe, 1914: 4; Schembri, 1989: 76; Schubert, 1991; Leser, 1994: 261; Demetropoulos, 1996.